ECONOMICS – Antonio Ginés – IES. Hnos. Machado – Dos Hermanas - Seville – Spain
TOPIC I.- THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
ECONOMICS AND SCARCITY.-
Economics' definition.-
Utility.-
OBSERVATION OF THE SOCIAL RELATIONS'S ECONOMIC CONTENT. THE ECONOMIC AGENTS.-
Economic agents' definition.-
Economic agent's types.-
Households.-
Firms.-
Public sector.-
Laws
Redistributing
At a lower price or for free
THE NEED FOR CHOICE AND THE RECOGNITION OF THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF A DECISION.-
The opportunity cost.-
Definition.-
COMBINATION | DISCOTHEQUE | PUB | OPPORTUNITY COST |
1 | 0 | 4 | - |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
3 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Cannons-butter.-
Pollution-incomes.-
The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF).-
Definition.-
Situations that can be given in a country's productive structure.-
Inefficient productive structure.-
Efficient productive structure.-
Unattainable productive structure.-
PPF's shape.-
Decreasing.-
Concave.-
PPF's displacement.-
EXCHANGE RELATIONS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT.-
Barter or exchange.-
Definition.-
Origins.-
Appearance of coins.-
Disappearance of barter.-
Money.-
Explanation for the appearance of money.-
Good-money.-
First money in the West.-
Intrinsic value.-
Money's issue.-
Development of support of paper money.-
By the XVIII and XIX centuries.-
Between 1870 and the 1st World War.-
Between World Wars.-
By the end of the 2nd World War.-
By 1971.-
From 1973 until today.-
THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. EVALUATION AND COMPARISON. ANDALUSIAN ECONOMIC'S PECULIARITIES.-
Capitalism.- (It emerged in Europe by the XVI century)
Characteristics.-
Capital over work.-
Priority of the profit.-
Private ownership.-
Economy determined by the free market.-
Free enterprise.-
Non intervention.-
Liberalism and neoliberalism.-
Other tendencies.-
The centralize planning economy.-
State organization.-
Main problems.-
Forecast mistakes.-
Scarce motivation.-
Excessive bureaucracy.-
History.-
Appearance and expansion.-
Self-destruction.-
Mixed economy.-
Andalusian economy peculiarities.-
TOPIC II.- PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE
PRODUCTION PROCESS.-
Definition.-
Planning.-
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.-
Evolution of the concept.-
Classic economists.-
Land
Labour
Capital
Neoclassic economist.- Capital and labour
Present economy.-
Land.-
4th factor of production.-
New factors of production.-
Natural capital
Physical capital
Material labour
Intangible capital (know-how, organization, non-physical but computable assests, intangible labour, knowledge economy)
Training.-
ADDED VALUE.-
Definition.-
Double accounting.-
Stage of the production |
Value of the sales |
Cost of the intermediate products |
Added value |
---|---|---|---|
Wheat |
0.03 |
0 |
0.03 |
Flour |
0.09 |
0.03 |
0.06 |
Wholesale bread |
0.15 |
0.09 |
0.06 |
Retail bread |
0.22 |
0.15 |
0.07 |
TOTAL |
|
|
0.22 |
DIVISION OF LABOUR.-
Definition.-
Types.-
Industrial division.-
Vertical division.-
Collateral division.-
Example.-
Advantages of division of labour.-
To save capital.-
To save time.-
To decrease mistakes.-
Invention of machines.-
Concentration and machinery.-
PRODUCTIVITY.-
Definition of total, marginal and average product.-
Total product.-
Marginal product.-
Average product or productivity.-
WORKERS |
TOTAL PRODUCT |
MARGINAL PRODUCT |
AVERAGE PRODUCT |
---|---|---|---|
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
1 |
5.000 |
5.000 |
5.000 |
2 |
9.000 |
4.000 |
4.500 |
3 |
12.900 |
3.900 |
4.300 |
4 |
16.000 |
3.100 |
4.000 |
5 |
18.000 |
2.000 |
3.600 |
Other definitions of productivity.-
Production/resources.-
Results/time.-
Outputs/inputs.-
Capacity of production and added value.-
Productivity-profitability.-
Management quality.-
Types of productivity.-
Labour productivity.-
Total factor productivity (TFP).-
Improvement of the productivity.-
INTERDEPENDENCE.-
Globalisation.-
Specialization.-
Variation.-
Mutual dependence.-
ENTERPRISE DEFINITION.-
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE ENTERPRISE (a possible division).-
Production and Logistics.-
Management and Human Resources.-
Commercial (Marketing).-
Finances and Administration.-
Sales.-
ENTERPRISE CLASSIFICATION.-
According to the economic activity.-
The primary sector.-
The secondary sector.-
The tertiary sector.-
According to the legal status.-
Enterprises that belong to only one person.-
Enterprises that belong at a group of persons.-
Corporations.-
Social economy.-
According to the size.-
Microenterprise.-
Small enterprise.-
Medium-sized enterprise.-
Great enterprise.-
According to the area of the activities.-
According to who is then owner.-
Private sector company.-
Public sector company.-
Mixed company.-
Self-management company.-
According to the market share.-
Applicant firm.-
Specialist firm.-
Leader firm.-
Follower firm.-
THE OBTAINING AND ANALYSIS OF COST OF PRODUCTION AND PROFIT.-
Definition of total costs.- TC = FC + VC
Definition of fixed costs.-
Definition of variable costs.-
Definition of profit.-
IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS IN ANDALUSIA.-
Primary Sector.-
Agriculture.-
Fishing.-
Livestock.-