ECONOMICS – Antonio Ginés – IES. Hnos. Machado – Dos Hermanas - Seville – Spain

TOPIC I.- THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

  1. ECONOMICS AND SCARCITY.-

    1. Economics' definition.-

    2. Utility.-

  2. OBSERVATION OF THE SOCIAL RELATIONS'S ECONOMIC CONTENT. THE ECONOMIC AGENTS.-

    1. Economic agents' definition.-

    2. Economic agent's types.-

      1. Households.-

      2. Firms.-

      3. Public sector.-

        1. Laws

        2. Redistributing

        3. At a lower price or for free

  3. THE NEED FOR CHOICE AND THE RECOGNITION OF THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF A DECISION.-

    1. The opportunity cost.-

      1. Definition.-

        COMBINATION DISCOTHEQUE PUB OPPORTUNITY COST
        1 0 4 -
        2 1 2 2
        3 2 0 2
      2. Cannons-butter.-

      3. Pollution-incomes.-

    2. The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF).-

      1. Definition.-

      2. Situations that can be given in a country's productive structure.-

        1. Inefficient productive structure.-

        2. Efficient productive structure.-

        3. Unattainable productive structure.-



      1. PPF's shape.-

        1. Decreasing.-

        2. Concave.-

      2. PPF's displacement.-



  1. EXCHANGE RELATIONS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT.-

    1. Barter or exchange.-

      1. Definition.-

      2. Origins.-

      3. Appearance of coins.-

      4. Disappearance of barter.-

    2. Money.-

      1. Explanation for the appearance of money.-

      2. Good-money.-

      3. First money in the West.-

      4. Intrinsic value.-

      5. Money's issue.-

      6. Development of support of paper money.-

        1. By the XVIII and XIX centuries.-

        2. Between 1870 and the 1st World War.-

        3. Between World Wars.-

        4. By the end of the 2nd World War.-

        5. By 1971.-

        6. From 1973 until today.-

  2. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. EVALUATION AND COMPARISON. ANDALUSIAN ECONOMIC'S PECULIARITIES.-

    1. Capitalism.- (It emerged in Europe by the XVI century)

      1. Characteristics.-

        1. Capital over work.-

        2. Priority of the profit.-

        3. Private ownership.-

        4. Economy determined by the free market.-

        5. Free enterprise.-

        6. Non intervention.-

      2. Liberalism and neoliberalism.-

      3. Other tendencies.-

    2. The centralize planning economy.-

      1. State organization.-

      2. Main problems.-

        1. Forecast mistakes.-

        2. Scarce motivation.-

        3. Excessive bureaucracy.-

      3. History.-

        1. Appearance and expansion.-

        2. Self-destruction.-

    3. Mixed economy.-


    1. Andalusian economy peculiarities.-

TOPIC II.- PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE


  1. PRODUCTION PROCESS.-

    1. Definition.-

    2. Planning.-

  2. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.-

    1. Evolution of the concept.-

      1. Classic economists.-

        1. Land

        2. Labour

        3. Capital

      2. Neoclassic economist.- Capital and labour

      3. Present economy.-

        1. Land.-

        2. 4th factor of production.-

        3. New factors of production.-

          1. Natural capital

          2. Physical capital

          3. Material labour

          4. Intangible capital (know-how, organization, non-physical but computable assests, intangible labour, knowledge economy)

        4. Training.-

  3. ADDED VALUE.-

    1. Definition.-

    2. Double accounting.-

Stage of the production

Value of the sales

Cost of the intermediate products

Added value

Wheat

0.03

0

0.03

Flour

0.09

0.03

0.06

Wholesale bread

0.15

0.09

0.06

Retail bread

0.22

0.15

0.07

TOTAL



0.22


  1. DIVISION OF LABOUR.-

    1. Definition.-

    2. Types.-

      1. Industrial division.-

      2. Vertical division.-

      3. Collateral division.-

    3. Example.-

    4. Advantages of division of labour.-

      1. To save capital.-

      2. To save time.-

      3. To decrease mistakes.-

      4. Invention of machines.-

    5. Concentration and machinery.-

  2. PRODUCTIVITY.-

    1. Definition of total, marginal and average product.-

      1. Total product.-

      2. Marginal product.-

      3. Average product or productivity.-

WORKERS

TOTAL PRODUCT

MARGINAL PRODUCT

AVERAGE PRODUCT

0

0

-

-

1

5.000

5.000

5.000

2

9.000

4.000

4.500

3

12.900

3.900

4.300

4

16.000

3.100

4.000

5

18.000

2.000

3.600



    1. Other definitions of productivity.-

      1. Production/resources.-

      2. Results/time.-

      3. Outputs/inputs.-

    2. Capacity of production and added value.-

    3. Productivity-profitability.-

    4. Management quality.-

    5. Types of productivity.-

      1. Labour productivity.-

      2. Total factor productivity (TFP).-

    6. Improvement of the productivity.-

  1. INTERDEPENDENCE.-

    1. Globalisation.-

    2. Specialization.-

    3. Variation.-

    4. Mutual dependence.-

  2. ENTERPRISE DEFINITION.-

  3. FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE ENTERPRISE (a possible division).-

    1. Production and Logistics.-

    2. Management and Human Resources.-

    3. Commercial (Marketing).-

    4. Finances and Administration.-

    5. Sales.-

  4. ENTERPRISE CLASSIFICATION.-

    1. According to the economic activity.-

      1. The primary sector.-

      2. The secondary sector.-

      3. The tertiary sector.-

    2. According to the legal status.-

      1. Enterprises that belong to only one person.-

      2. Enterprises that belong at a group of persons.-

        1. Corporations.-

        2. Social economy.-

    3. According to the size.-

      1. Microenterprise.-

      2. Small enterprise.-

      3. Medium-sized enterprise.-

      4. Great enterprise.-

    4. According to the area of the activities.-

    5. According to who is then owner.-

      1. Private sector company.-

      2. Public sector company.-

      3. Mixed company.-

      4. Self-management company.-

    6. According to the market share.-

      1. Applicant firm.-

      2. Specialist firm.-

      3. Leader firm.-

      4. Follower firm.-

  5. THE OBTAINING AND ANALYSIS OF COST OF PRODUCTION AND PROFIT.-

    1. Definition of total costs.- TC = FC + VC

    2. Definition of fixed costs.-

    3. Definition of variable costs.-

    4. Definition of profit.-

  6. IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS IN ANDALUSIA.-

    1. Primary Sector.-

      1. Agriculture.-

      2. Fishing.-

      3. Livestock.-