For ___, the economy based on the production of items to be sold on the market is inherently prone to crisis
Marx
Keynes
Franklin
Some Marxists authors such as Rosa ___ saw the lack of purchasing power of workers as a cause of the tendency of supply to be greater than demand, creating crises
Belgium
Luxembourg
Netherlands
In 1860, the French economist Clement Juglar identified the presence of business cycles of ___ years
3 to 5
7 to 11
1 to 3
In crises, the stock markets ___
The other answers are correct
Go up
Fall
In recovery there is ___ in consumer confidence
A decrease
The other answers are correct
An increment
The long technological cycle is the ___ cycle
Kondratiev
Konkiev
Konmitien
The infrastructure investment cycle is ___ years
From 15 to 25
From 10 to 20
From 11 to 25
The automatic ___ due to aspects of the government budget also helped defeat the cycle even without conscious action from politicians
Destabilization
Stabilization
The other answers are correct
Classic unemployment is also called ___ unemployment
Real efficiency
Nominal efficiency
Real wage
Cyclical unemployment is also called ___-poor unemployment
Demand
Supply
The other answers are correct
André ___ believes that structural unemployment could be permanent in modern society
Tower
Gorz
Towers
The clearest cases of ___ unemployment are those where there are fewer fob vacancies than unemployed workers, even when wages can be adjusted, so that if all vacancies were filled, there would be unemployed workers
Voluntary
Involuntary
The other answers are correct
High unemployment can encourage ___
The other answers are correct
Free trade
Protectionism
For the study of unemployment in the European Union there are ___ data collection methods
Thee
Two
Four
In 2005, the global workforce was over ___ billion people
One
Three
Two
Limits to Growth is a report commissioned by the Club of ___
Austria
Rome
Chicago
According to the report "Limits to Growth", what is population growth like?
The other answers are correct
Arithmetic
Exponential
In 2008 Graham ___, at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia published a document called "A Comparison or The Limits to Growth with thirty years of reality"
Turner
Hill
Bell
According to scientists, one of the problems of the oceans is the ___ of the coral
Darkening
Bleaching
The other answers are correct
___ synthetic chemicals are harmful
The other answers are correct
Few
Many
The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally binding commitments to reduce ___ greenhouse gases
Four
Five
Six
The limitation of the Kyoto Protocol for the European Union was ___%
10
8
9
Kyoto includes what is defined as "___ mechanisms"
The other answers are correct
Fixed
Flexible
The Huelva chemical industry area has more than ___ workers
6,000
5,000
4,000
From the ___ point of view, profit is the main engine of the market
Marxist
Keynesian
Classic
Rosa Luxembourg's model has similarities with the ___ model
Classic
Keynesian
Neoclassic
Joseph ___ argued that a Juglar cycle has four stages
Stellin
Schumpeter
Shengen
In crises, ___ bankruptcies occur
The other answers are correct
Few
A lot of
In recovery there is ___ of aggregate demand
A decrease
The other answers are correct
An increment
___ cycle is from 3 to 5 years
Inventory
Relay
Infrastructure
The long technological cycle is ___ years
From 45 to 60
From 25 to 50
From 30 to 50
___ unemployment occurs when a worker changes from one job to another
Collateral
Frictional
The other answers are correct
Liberal economists like FA Hayek argue that unemployment ___ if the government intervenes in the economy to try to improve the conditions of those with jobs
Maintains
Decreases
Increases
Cyclical unemployment is caused by a ___ in the business cycle
Recession
Recovery
The other answers are correct
___ unemployment results from fluctuations in labor demands in certain industries due to the seasonal nature of production
Conjunctural
Seasonal
Structural
The cost of unemployment is ___
Social
The other answers are correct
Individual
A growing unemployment rate concentrates the ___ power of employers increasing competition among workers for scarce employment opportunities
The other answers are correct
Oligopoly
Oligopsony
The European Labor Force Study (EU-LFS) collects dates from all member states every ___
Quarter
Year
Month
In Spain, in the fourth quarter of 2013, the total workforce amounted to ___ people
32,654,500
22,654,500
42,654,500
The authors of "The limits of growth" were ___
Donella H. Meadows and Dennis L. Meadows
The other answers are correct
Jorgen Randers and William W. Behrens III
According to the report "Limits to Growth", the capacity of technology to increase the availability of resources grows ___
The other answers are correct
Exponentially
Linearly
In 2008 Graham Turner examinated the past thirty years of reality with the predictions made in 1972 and found that changes in industrial production, food production, and pollution are all in line with the book's predictions of an economic collapse in the ___ century
21th
25th
30th
Coral bleaching is produced by ___
Ocean warming
The other answers are correct
Ocean acidification
One of the problems of mining is the ___
The other answers are correct
Hatching
Erosion
One of the greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce its emissions is ___
Carbon dioxide
Graphite
The other answers are correct
The Kyoto Protocol limitation for Japan was ___%
7
6
8
Kyoto includes what is defined as "flexible mechanisms" such as the ___ of emissions
The other answers are correct
Leasing
Sale
As a consequence of the activities of Fertiberia, and, to a lesser extent FMC Foret, another 1,200 hectares are used in an indirect way by the chemical industry. They are the ___ pools
Phosphogysum
Chlorofluorexanols
Hydrochlorides
For Marx, the profitability of businesses (capital) has a tendency to ___ that recurrently creates crises
Fall
Go up
Maintain
___ saw capitalism as a system of maintenance of value
Engels
Keynes
Marx
Joseph Shumpeter was from ___
Germany
Austria
Czech Republic
In the recession stage, prices ___
The other answers are correct
Go up
Fall
In recovery there is ___ of prices
A decrease
The other answers are correct
An increment
___ cycle is from 7 to 11 years
Fixed investment
Conjunctural
Structural
"The" business cycle is the ___ cycle
Juglar
Kuznets
Kitchin
Frictional unemployment is ___ unemployment
Involuntary
Voluntary
The other answers are correct
The minimum wage ___ the cost of low-skilled laborers
Maintains
Decreases
Increases
Cyclical unemployment is caused by a recession in the business cycle, and wages ___ to find the equilibrium level
Don't fall
Fall
The other answers are correct
___ unemployment is attributed to the decisions of individuals
Involuntary
Voluntary
The other answers are correct
An economy wiht high unemployment isn't using all the resources, for example, available work. Since it is operating below its ___
Opportunity cost
Production possibility frontier
Production cost
One of the Eurostat conditions for defining unemployment is that people are between ___ years old
18 and 60
16 and 64
15 and 74
For ___ calculations, national surveys or national records from employment offices are used in conjunction with EU-LFS quarterly data
Monthly
Yearly
Quaterly
The active population of a country (or other geographical entity) consist of all those who are of working age (typically above a certain age (over ___) and below the retirement age
16 or 18
14 or 16
The other answers are correct
"Limits of growth" used the ___ model to simulate the consequences of the interaction between Earth and human systems
World
World3
World2
The variables that were examinated in the "Limits to Growth" report were :
The other answers are correct
World population, industrialization, pollution, toy production and resource depletion
World population, industrialization, pollution, food production and resource depletion
Ocean circulation patterns have a strong influence on ___
The other answers are correct
Climate and weather
The food supply of humans and other organisms
The trend is that sea level ___
Go down
Go up
Maintains
One of the problems of mining is the ___ of biodiversity
The other answers are correct
Gain
Lost
One of the greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce its emissions is ___
Methane
Ethanol
The other answers are correct
The Kyoto Protocol limitation for Russia was ___%
2
0
1
Economies not involved in the Kyoto Protocol ___ restrictions on their emissions
The other answers are correct
Have
Don't have
The phosphogysum pools are located about 300 meters from the ___ neighbourhood of Huelva
Perez Cubillas
Tardon
Turrunuelo
The waste pond of the Aznalcóllar mine broke sending a toxic wave to the ___ National Park
Doñana
Grazalema
Las Tablas de Daimiel
After the Industrial Revolution, the era of ___ consumption began
The other answers are correct
Mass
Small
___ profitable for the producer to make his product part of a continuously changing fashion market
The other answers are correct
It's
It isn't
A consumer can have the instant gratification of purchasing ___ item that will help improve their social status
The other answers are correct
A cheap
An expensive
Liberals maintain that anti-consumerism is a precursor to a ___ society
The other answers are correct
Democratic
Totalitarian
In general, the extent of poverty is much more closely related ___
To the average income that to the variation in its distribution
To the variation in its distribution than to the average income
The other answers are correct
Infant mortality rates are 25 percent ___ in rich democracies than in poor autocracies
Low
High
The other answers are correct
The effectiveness of governments has ___ impact on the delivery of socioeconomic results for poor populations
The other answers are correct
An important
A small
Today's modern, expansive welfare states that ensure economic opportunity, independence, and security in close proximity are still the exclusive domain of ___ nations
The other answers are correct
Underdeveloped
Developed
The ___ effect is the phenomenom, widely observed throughout advanced welfare states, that the middle classes tend to be the main beneficiaries of social benefits and services, even if they are primarily directed to the poor
Matthew
Doppler
Mandela
Max ___ maintained that the Protestant work ethic contributed to growth during the industrial revolution
Von Sydow
Weber
Von Krap
Clinical depression makes individuals ___ vulnerable to poverty
Less
More
The other answers are correct
Countries with an abundance of natural resources tend to have ___ long-term prosperity than countries wiht less of these natural resources
The other answers are correct
More
Less
___ income is that level of income that allows dividing the individuals of a society into two exactly equal groups
Median
Average
The other answers are correct
Economic growth reduces poverty ___
Ever
Sometimes
The other answers are correct
With the common policy of exporting industries, the government helps to stimulate the production of goods to export to rich nations to obtain a favorable trade balance and the capital ___ of funds for more investments
Outflow
Inflow
The other answers are correct
Fair trade ___ poverty
The other answers are correct
Worses
Improves
Critics maintain that some of the foreign aid is stolen by ___ governments
Corrupt
Honest
The other answers are correct
___ Report (for the United Nations Milenium project) proposes a series of "Quick earnings", methods identied by development experts that would cost relatively little but could have a significant constructive effect on global poverty
Sacyl
Sachs
Salisachs
One of the "Quick earnings" of the Sachs Report is access to electricity, water, and ___
The other answers are correct
Televisions
Sanitation
Underdevelopped countries have an unbalanced trade balance that results from their dependence on ___ products
Primary
Processed
The other answers are correct
Income from foreign exchanges of developing nations is ___
Unstable
The other answers are correcft
Vulnerable
___ nations provide cheap labor
The other answers are correct
Rich
Poor
After the 1973 petroleum crisis, increases in petroleum prices forced the governments of many poorer nations to borrow excessively to buy politically essential supplies. At the same time, ___ funds deposited in Western banks provided a ready source of funds for loans
OPEC
ONEP
OLEP
Odious debts are considered as personal debts of the regime that incurred them and not debts of the state. In some respects, the concept is analogous to the invalidity of signed contracts ___
Voluntarily
Under duress
The other answers are correct
In crises the number of businesses ___
Falls
Goes up
The other answers are correct
___ saw capitalism as a historically condemned system that cannot be put down, under social control
Keynes
Marx
Adam Smith
In the expansion stage there is ___ in production
The other answers are correct
An increase
A decrease
In the recession stage there are ___ interest rates
The other answers are correct
Low
High
The inventory cycle is the ___ cycle
Kenvlar
Kochis
Kitchin
___ cycle is from 45 to 60 years
Long technological
Structural length
Long conjunctural
Modern macroeconomics gives ___ support to the idea of regular periodic cycles
Little
A lot of
The other answers are correct
The ___ unemployment level is suitably the unemployment rate minus the frictional unemployment rate
Voluntary
Involuntary
The other answers are correct
Some people, such as Murray ___, suggest that even social taboos (non-market, supply and demand criteria) can prevent wages from failing to the agree level
Shafer
Goldberg
Rothbard
In the late ___ there was a technology bubble, creating demand for IT specialist
1990s
1970s
1980s
Cyclical unemployment is ___
Voluntary
Involuntary
The other answers are correct
During a long period of unemployment, workers can lose their skills, causing a loss of ___ capital
Physical
Human
Financial
One of the Eurostat conditions for defining unemployment is that people are ready to start working in ___ weeks
Four
Six
Two
In Spain, mainly, unemployment is measured monthly with ___
The other answers are correct
The unemployment data registered in the Employment Offices (in Andalusia the Andalusian Employment Service -SAE-)
The "Labor Force Survey" (EPA)
Child labor laws in the United States prohibit people under the age of ___ from doing hazardous work
14
18
16
Reverend Thomas Malthus' concerns and predictions were embodied in the book "An Essay on the ___ of Population"
Finals
Principles
The other answers are correct
According to the notes, the most recent and updated version of the report "The Limits of growth" was published by ___
Earthscan
Chelsea Green Publishing Company
The other answers are correct
The main environmental impacts occur in the ___ inhabited regions of the ocean's limits -estuaries, coastlines and bays-
Most
Less
The other answers are correct
One of the solutions to ocean pollution is ___ of fossil fuel emissions
The increase
The reduction
The other answers are correct
One of the solutions to mining waste is getting rid of the waste at the bottom of the sea is seen as the best option (if the dirt is pumped to ___)
The other answers are correct
Medium depth
Great depth
One of the greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce its emissions is ___ sulfido
Hexafluoro
Pentafluorate
The other answers are correct
The Kyoto Protocol allows the emission of greenhouse gases to increase by ___% for Iceland
9
10
8
Huelva and its nearby populations are linked, from the ___ to the chemical industry (oil refineries, natural gas or thermal power plants located in the city or in nearby locations)
1980s
1970s
1960s
In crises the remaining capital is ___
Centralized and concentrated
Decentralized and diversified
The other answers are correct
In ___ the presence of economic cycles was identified
1760
1860
1960
In the expansion stage there is ___ in prices
The other answers are correct
An increase
A decrease
In the ___, the shares recover
The other answers are correct
Crisis
Recovery
The fixed investment cycle is the ___ cycle
Buffoon
Clown
Juglar
The inventory cycle is from ___ years
3 to 5
4 to 6
2 to 6
Business cycles after WWII were generally more ___ than previous cycles
Moderate
Extreme
The other answers are correct
Increases or decreases in unemployment are normally ___ in simple statistics
Overrepresented
Underrepresented
The other answers are correct
___ unemployment occurs when there isn't enough aggregate demand in the economy
Spiral
Triangular
Cyclical
In the late 1990s there was a technology bubble, creating demand for IT specialists. In ___ this bubble burst
2000-2001
2002-2003
2001-2002
Structural unemployment is ___
Voluntary
Involuntary
The other answers are correct
Being unemployed can also reduce the life expectancy of workers by about ___ years
10
7
15
Eurostat is based on the standards of the ___ Labor Organization
World
Universal
International
The active population are job ___
Suppliers
Demanders
The other answers are correct
The Limits to ___ is a report modeling the consequences of rapid world population growth and limited supply of resources
Development
Growth
Progress
The book "An Essay on the Principles of Population" is by ___
1898
1798
1988
According to the notes, the most recent and updated version of the report "The Limits of growth" was published under the name: "Limits to Growth: The Update ___ years Later"
20
40
30
___ percent of the World's population -some 600 million people- live in low-lying areas vulnerable to rising sea levels
10
15
5
Chemical syntetic production has ___
Decreased
Increased
The other answers are correct
One of non-toxic mining estraction processes is ___
Biosplit
Biosharing
Bioleaching
The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce the production of ___
The other answers are correct
Perfluorocarbons
Hydrofluorocarbons
The United States ___ ratified the Kyoto Protocol
The other answers are correct
Haven't
Have
The instalation in Huelva of the chemical industry was due to ___
The high degree of undervelopment and unemployment that existed in the area in those days
The need to take advantage of the nearby mining industry
The other answers are correct
In the ___ term, the crisis tend to be more severe
Long
Short
The other answers are correct
In 1860, the French economist Clement ___ identified the presence of business cycles
Buffoon
Juglar
Clown
In the expansion stage there are ___ interest rates
The other answers are correct
Low
High
In recovery there is ___ in productivity
A maintenance
A decrement
An increment
The infrastructure investment cycle is the ___ cycle
Kuzkov
Kuzmion
Kuznets
The fixed investment cycle is from ___ years
7 to 11
6 to 10
7 to 13
The economic stabilization policy, using the ___ policy appeared so that the worst excesses of the economic cycles were lost
The other answers are correct
Fiscal
Monetary
___ unemployment can occur when real wages for a job are set above the agree minimum level (in Spain the Minimum Wage)
Social
Classic
Determinant
Cyclical unemployment is also called ___ unemployment
Marxist
Neoclassic
Keynesian
In the late 1990s there was a technology bubble, creating demand for IT specialists. In 2000-2001 this bubble burst. ___ bubble soon formed
A housing
An agricultural
An industrial
Classic unemployment is ___
Voluntary
Involuntary
The other answers are correct
High unemployment can encourage ___
Phobia
Xenophobia
Agoraphobia
Eurostat includes a long-term unemployment rate defined as a part of unemployment that has been unemployed for a period of more than ___
Two years
Three years
One year
The workforce is all people, not military, who are ___
The other answers are correct
Employed
Unemployed
Limitis to Growth is a ___ report
1962
1972
1952
How many variables were examined in the original "Limits to Growth" model?
Three
Five
Four
"Beyond Limits" has been published in ___ as an update twenty years after the original material
1991
1992
1993
According to scientists there are ___
A fishing overexploitation
A rational exploitation of fishery resources
The other answers are correct
There is ___ of greenhouse gas emissions
A decrease
An increase
The other answers are correct
The ___ Protocol is a United Nations protocol within the Framework of the Convention on Climate Change
Hiroshima
Tokyo
Kyoto
Under Kyoto, industrialized countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by ___% compared to 1990
5.2
10.2
15.2
At the 2012 ___ Summit, it was agreed to extent the Kyoto Protocol until 2020, but Russia, Japan and Canada haven't agreed to this new commitment
Brugges
Doha
Tehran
The area of the chemical industriy of Huelva has more than ___ hectares