CARD 4.09 ECO - By Antonio Ginés

The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation between the purpose and the limited . . . that have alternatives applications
The scarcity also implies that all the society's objectives . . . be met at the same time, so it must follow a priority politics
Human societies have developed the . . . to decide the priorities and the way to satisfy them
The . . . make the decisions about the production and the distribution
The public sector takes part in the economy by . . ., at a lower price or for free, goods and services that the society things that it must be able to receive all the population
The more we spend in national security to protect our coasts from the foreign aggressors (cannons), the . . . we'll spend in personal goods to improve the standard of living in our country (butter)
The legislation that forces the firms to reduce the pollution raises the cost to produce . . .
The . . . reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge
A country with a rate of unemployment above 5%, will always itself find in . . . productive structure, because there is unused available labor
The . . . is decreasing because in order to produce more of one good it is necessary to produce less of another
The displacement of the Production Possiblity Frontier (PPF) can be due to technological improvements, an increase in capital, an . . . of workers or the discovery of new natural resources
The first sedentary communities of human beings knew agriculture and . . ., they lived longer than their nomadic ancestors and they enjoyed better security
In spite of everything, . . . didn't disappear with the arrival of the coins.
The money in the first phase had an . . . value
Between 1870 and the . . . the Gold Standard was mainly adopted
In the Bretton Woods' Agreements was established that all the currencies would be converted in U.S. dollars and only the U.S. dollar would be convertible in . . . at 35 dollars per ounce for the foreign governments
By . . ., the dollar is devalued another 10%, until, finally, the dollar conversion to gold was finished
In capitalism capital dominates over work as a element of production and creator of . . .
The founding fathers of capitalism are . . ., Juan de Mariana, Adam Smith and Benjamin Franklin
In the . . . the production factors are in the hands of the State, who is the only important economic agent
The . . . appeared due to the state of emergency and the war economy for the war against the White Army and the Triple Entente during the Russian Civil War
The centralice planning economy was extended after the 2nd World War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the . . . and the Komintern
Cuba is trying to defend the . . . economic system by making some reforms or concessions in strategic sectors, like tourism, to the market economy, prevailing abroad
. . . economists use the three factors that Adam Smith defined
Neoclassic economist only use capital and . . .
To the concept of physical capital or financial capital is added the concept of . . . capital or intellectual capital, even social capital, as a way of explaining the improvement of the productivity that isn't due to the other factors
Training can be considered a form of investment, because it . . . the abilities of the workers and the production
The division of labour, generally speaking, deals about specialization and cooperation of the labour forces in tasks and roles, with the objective of improving . . .
The . . . product is the total amount in physical units that is obtained for the total amount of factor used
Productivity is connected to the production standards, if people improve these standards then they will save resources and it will be reflected in the increase of their . . .
The colonies need the foreign . . . for their development
The Grundy's Four P's are: product, price, distribution or . . . and advertising or promotion.
The fisheries belong to the . . . sector
In the firms that belong to only one person, this person has a unlimited responsability (with everything he . . .)
The firm classification according to who is the owner is: private sector company, . . . company, mixed company and self-management company
An . . . firm wants to have more market share
If the activity level decreases, variable costs . . .
. . . is output value minus input value
In the last decades, in Andalusia, traditional farming has decreased and farming of wheat, . . ., beetroot, cotton and sunflower has increased
Only . . .% of the Andalusian needs for meat and milk are supplied by the Andalusian livestock
By 2007 the tertiary sector produced . . .% of the jobs
What would be the added value in the first stage of the production if the wood is sold at 124 €, the wholesale chair at 211 € and the retail chair at 345 €?
What would be the added value in the second stage of the production if the wood is sold at 124 €, the wholesale chair at 211 € and the retail chair at 345 €?
What would be the added value in the third stage of the production if the wood is sold at 124 €, the wholesale chair at 211 € and the retail chair at 345 €?
What would be the marginal product for two workers, if the total products, according to the number of workers are: 1-3,500, 2-5,900, 3-8,700? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)
What would be the marginal product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-4,800, 2-3,100, 3-2,700? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)
What would be the total product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-5,750, 2-4,889, 3-3,235? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)
What would be the total product for three workers, if the marginal products, according to the number of workers are: 1-5,333, 2-4,815, 3-3,286? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)
. . . de oferta = porcentaje de cambio en la cantidad ofrecida : porcentaje de cambio en el precio
Uno de los determinantes de la elasticidad-precio de la oferta es la capacidad de producción . . .
Una de las curvas de oferta que no se inclinan hacia arriba es la curva de oferta del . . .
A . . . precio del producto, mayor oferta
A mayor cantidad de bienes producidos, . . . oferta
Si los productos son . . ., a mayor precio de uno de ellos, menor demanda del otro
Un bien . . ., por ejemplo el arroz, es uno que la gente consume más si el precio sube
Cualquier exceso de oferta (exceso de mercado o superabundancia) llevaría a cortes de precios, que decrecen la cantidad ofrecida (reduciendo el incentivo de producir y vender el producto) un . . . en la cantidad demandada (ofreciendo a los consumidores gangas), automáticamente aboliéndose la superabundancia
En el . . . plazo, los mercados de competencia perfecta son productivamente ineficientes
En competencia perfecta, en el . . . plazo, es posible para una empresa aislada hacer beneficio
En la competencia perfecta hay . . . consumidores con la disposición y capacidad para comprar el producto a un cierto precio y muchos productores con la disposición y capacidad para ofrecer el producto a un cierto precio
Un monopolio concedido por el gobierno o monopolio . . .es aprobado por el Estado, a menudo para dar un incentivo a invertir en aventuras arriesgadas
Una fusión puede parecerse a una absorción pero resulta en un nuevo . . . para la compañía (a menudo combinando los de las compañías originales) y en una nueva marca
A veces, una empresa más pequeña adquirirá el control de la administración de una empresa más grande o más antiguamente establecida y conserva su nombre para la entidad combinada. Esto es conocido como absorción . . .
En un monopolio bilateral hay ambos, un . . . y un monopsonio en el mismo mercado.
Si el ingreso marginal es mayor que el . . . de una empresa, entonces la empresa empleará al trabajador
La . . . será la cantidad de propiedades poseídas por una nación
El flujo monetario que va de las familias a las empresas son los . . .
El Producto Interior Bruto es el valor de mercado de todos los bienes y servicios . . . hechos dentro de las fronteras de una nación en un año
PIBpm = C + I + G + (X – . . .)
El . . . es igual al Producto Interior Bruto a coste de los factores (PIBcf) menos la depreciación en los bienes de capital de un país
El . . . es el Producto Nacional Neto a coste de los factores más los Impuestos indirectos menos los subsidios en la producción e importación
La curva de Lorenz se usa a menudo para representar la distribución de la renta donde muestra por la parte inferior el porcentaje de familias y el porcentaje de la . . . total que tienen
El coeficiente de Gini es el área entre la línea de perfecta igualdad y la observada . . .
Mayores coeficientes de Gini indican una distribución más . . .
El PIB oficial estima pero no tiene en cuenta la economía sumergida, en la que las transacciones contribuyen a la producción, tales como comercio ilegal y actividades que evitan los . . ., no son denunciadas, causando que el PIB sea subestimado
El Índice de Desarrollo Humano usa el PIB como una parte de su cálculo y después indicadores de . . . y niveles de educación
Murray Newton Rothbard y otros economistas . . . sostienen que, como el gasto gubernamental es tomado de sectores productivos, y produce bienes que los consumidores no quieren, es una carga en la economía y, por consiguiente, debería ser deducido
En economía, “el crecimiento económico” o “la teoría del crecimiento económico” típicamente se refiere al crecimiento de la producción . . ., esto es, producciòn a “pleno empleo” que es causada por el crecimiento en la demanda agregada o producción observada
Una tasa de crecimiento del 5% parece similar a otra del 3%, pero después de . . . décadas, la primera economía habría crecido un 165%, la segunda sólo un 80%.
El informe . . . de 2007 de las Naciones Unidas advierte que estamos viviendo mucho más allá de nuestros medios
Calcula el PIBpm con esta información: C = 900; I = 700; G = 300; X = 100; M = 90; Ti = 82; Su = 45; Dep = 35; RRN = 21, RRE = 43