The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the . . . between the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications

The scarcity implies that there are not enough resources to produce enough to cover all the . . .

Useful means everything that has capacity to satisfy human's . . .

The economic agents are: households, firms and . . .

The . . . takes part in the economy by redistributing the incomes

When the individuals group together in societies, they face differents types of dilemmas. The clasical is the dilemma between “the cannons and the . . .”

The legislation that forces the firms to reduce the . . . raises the cost to produce goods and services

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is the group of productive factors or . . .' combinations that reach the highest production

To be under the . . . signifies that either not all the resources are used (idle resources) or the technology isn't adequate (technology can improve).

The unattainable productive structure is . . . because no country can produce more than is possible

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is displaceable, this is, the unattainable points can be . . .

The barter or exchange is to buy or to sell without use . . .

Bartering began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed. Although, on occasion, many intermediary exchanges were necessary to satisfy needs. That, combined with the growth of settlements and expansion of commercial . . . facilitated the appearance of the concept of “coins”

Civilitations have adopted several goods as money (gold, silver, other metals or minerals, wheat, bars of . . . in China, etc.)

By the XVIII and XIX centuries many countries had a . . . standard, based in gold and silver

By the end of the 2nd World War the allies established a new financial system in the . . .

In December of 1971, the president of the United States, . . ., suspended on his own the dollar conversion to gold and devalued the dollar by 10%

Capitalism emerged by the . . . century

The State doesn't take part in . . .

. . . holds that the State can increase the effective demand by avoiding the cyclical crisis

The . . . appeared in Russia's Soviet Federal Socialist Republic

The . . . economy was extended after the 2nd World War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the Soviet Union and the Komintern

Nowdays Russia and the East countries go toward a . . . Economy

A production process converts inputs into outputs (. . .) with physical, technological, human and other types of resources

. . . is rewarded by interest

In the economy of knowledge and business development produced since the end of the 20th Century, people consider that technology and science (what has been called R&D -Research and Development- or even R, D&I - Research, Development and Innovation -) is a . . . factor of production that characterizes more and more the production in the industrialised countries.

The new factors of production are: natural capital, physical capital, material labour and intangible capital (know-how, organization, non-physical but computable assests, . . ., knowledge economy)

The division of labour, generally speaking, deals about specialization and . . . of the labour forces in tasks and roles, with the objective of improving efficiency.

Adam Smith in his book “. . .” says that a person, on his own, can make less than one hundred pins per day, but if we share the job we could make up to ten thousand pins

A greater productivity using the same resources or producing the same goods or services equals . . . profitability for the company

The relationships between . . . nations and their colonies aren't unilateral

The . . .'s Four P's are: product, price, distribution or place and advertising or promotion.

The agriculture belongs to the . . . sector

The firm classification according to the legal status is: firms that belong to . . . and firms that belong at a group of persons

A . . . has more than 250 workers

The firm classification according to the market share is: . . . firm, specialist firm, leader firm and follower firm

. . . costs are used to make reports about the degree of use of productive structure

. . . is total income minus total production and distribution costs

In Andalusia, traditionally the main products have been . . ., olive tree and grapewine.

The fish farm of Riofrio, in Granada, exports 40% of its caviar production, and it competes in international markets with . . . and Iranian caviar

. . . sector was minority and now it is majority in the western economies

What would be the added value in the first stage of the production if the wood is sold at 33 €, the wholesale chair at 57 € and the retail chair at 82 €?

What would be the added value in the second stage of the production if the wood is sold at 33 €, the wholesale chair at 57 € and the retail chair at 82 €?

What would be the added value in the third stage of the production if the wood is sold at 33 €, the wholesale chair at 57 € and the retail chair at 82 €?

What would be the marginal product for three workers, if the total products, according to the number of workers are: 1-3,055, 2-5,823, 3-8,359? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the marginal product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-4,311, 2-3,829, 3-3,021? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the total product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-5,331, 2-4,827, 3-3,099? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the total product for three workers, if the marginal products, according to the number of workers are: 1-5,313, 2-4,809, 3-3,002? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

La oferta es la cantidad de bienes y servicios que los productores ofrecen a diferentes precios y condiciones dadas en un determinado . . .

Los bienes que no tienen componente . . . y que no son producidos no pueden ser expandidos

La curva de oferta usualmente tiene una asociación . . .

Donde la curva de oferta del trabajo se inclina hacia arriba y hacia la izquierda (elasticidad negativa), el efecto ingreso es . . . que el efecto sustitución.

A . . . competición, mayor oferta

A mayor población, . . . demanda

La curva de demanda usualmente tiene una asociación negativa (con dos excepciones teóricas: los bienes Veblen y los bienes . . .)

En la mayoría de las interpretaciones, economistas clásicos tales como Adam Smith mantuvieron que el mercado libre tendería hacia el equilibrio económico a través del mecanismo del . . .

En la economía neoclásica y en la . . ., la competencia perfecta describe la perfecta forma de ser de un mercado en el que hay muchas empresas pequeñas, todas produciendo bienes homogéneos

En el largo plazo, los mercados de competencia perfecta son productivamente . . .

En competencia perfecta, en el largo plazo, la empresa hará solamente normal beneficio (beneficio económico nulo). Su curva de . . . horizontal tocará su curva de costes totales medios en su punto más bajo

Los monopolios están caracterizados por una falta de . . . económica para el bien o servicio que ellos proveen y una falta de bienes sustitutivos viables

El . . . es una forma de oligopolio en la que varios proveedores del mismo sector actúan juntos para coordinar servicios, precios o venta de bienes

Cuando una adquisición es amistosa, las compañías . . . en las negociaciones

Un monopolio natural puede depender también del control de un particular . . . natural

Los georgistas mantienen la curva de oferta de la tierra es . . . (es decir, elasticidad cero).

La renta es la suma de todos los . . ., beneficios, pagos de intereses, rentas y otras formas de ganar en un período de tiempo dado

El flujo monetario que va de las . . . son los salarios, rentas, dividendos

El flujo monetario que va de . . . son los impuestos

PIBpm = . . . + I + G + (X – M)

. . . = PIBpm – Ti + Su

. . . = PINcf + RRN – RRE

El análisis . . . de la distribución de la renta mide las diferencias entre los factores: tierra, trabajo y capital

En la curva de Lorenz, la curva y = 0 para x < 100% e y = 100% cuando . . . se llama la línea de la perfecta desigualdad

Un coeficiente de Gini igual a . . . corresponde a la perfecta igualdad

El PIB excluye las actividades que no se mantienen a través del mercado, tales como la producción familiar y los servicios . . .

El PIB no mide la . . . del crecimiento. Un país puede alcanzar temporalmente alto PIB sobreexplotando recursos naturales.

El estimador de riqueza es un sistema desarrollado por el Banco Mundial para combinar la riqueza monetaria con la riqueza . . . (instituciones y capital humano) y capital medioambiental

El crecimiento es convencionalmente medido como el tanto por ciento de incremento en el . . .

Una tasa de crecimiento del 2,5% anual llevará a doblar el PIB dentro de 28 años, mientras que una tasa de crecimiento del 8% anual (experimentada por algunos de los Cuatro Trigres Asiáticos) llevará a . . . el PIB dentro de 9 años

Una . . . es una sostenida y larga bajada en una o más economías. Es más severa que una recesión, que es vista como una bajada normal en el ciclo económico

El científico canadiense, David Suzuki indicó en los noventa que la ecología sólo puede sostener típicamente sobre un 1,5 a un . . .% de nuevo crecimiento por año, y, por consiguiente, cualquier requerimiento por más rendimientos de la agricultura o de la silvicultura necesitaría canibalizar el capital natural del suelo o del bosque