The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation . . . the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications

The scarcity implies that there are not enough resources to produce enough to . . . all the needs

. . . means everything that has capacity to satisfy human's needs

Human societies have developed the politics to decide the priorities and the way to . . . them

The . . . make the decisions about the production and the distribution

The public sector takes part in the economy by . . . the incomes

The opportunity cost is what an agent loses when he makes a . . .

In the modern society, the dilemma between a clean environment and a . . . income level is also important

Higher costs can create . . . company profits, lower salaries, higher prices or all the three things at the same time

The . . . reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge

To be under the PPF signifies that either not all the resources are used (. . . resources) or the technology isn't adequate (technology can improve).

The unattainable productive structure is located over the . . .

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is concave because the . . . is increasing

The . . . is to buy or to sell by using a product or service instead of money as a exchange money

The first sedentary communities of human beings knew agriculture and . . ., they lived longer than their nomadic ancestors and they enjoyed better security

Bartering began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed. Although, on occasion, many intermediary exchanges were necessary to satisfy needs. That, combined with the growth of settlements and expansion of commercial networks facilitated the appearance of the concept of “. . .”

Civilitations have adopted several goods as money (gold, . . ., other metals or minerals, wheat, bars of tea in China, etc.)

The states started to issue notes and coins that gave right to the . . . to exchange them for gold or silver from the country's reserves

With the . . . Standard any citizen could convert the paper money into an equivalent amount of gold

In the Bretton Woods' Agreements was established that all the currencies would be converted in U.S. dollars and only the U.S. dollar would be convertible in . . . at 35 dollars per ounce for the foreign governments

In December of 1971, the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, . . . on his own the dollar conversion to gold and devalued the dollar by 10%

The monetary authorities and the Central Banks they take part in the exchange market with the objective of avoiding situations like . . ., that destroy the value money leading to less of trust or deflation.

In capitalism the ownership of the means of production is . . .

The founding fathers of capitalism are John Locke, Juan de Mariana, Adam Smith and . . .

In the . . . the production factors are in the hands of the State, who is the only important economic agent

The centralice planning economy appeared in . . .'s Soviet Federal Socialist Republic

The centralice planning economy got worse with Stalin and his followers, when the . . . was born, with the so-called one-country politics

In the case of the USSR, it had to assign a huge amount of its budget to maintain the army and the war technology in its Cold War with the . . .

In reality, . . . country with a totally market or centralized economy exists, but more or less a combination of both in increasing or decreasing degree

A . . . includes actions that happen in a planned way and produce a change or transformation of materials, objects or systems, at the end of which we obtain a product

. . . is rewarded by the wage

In the economy of . . . and business development produced since the end of the 20th Century, people consider that technology and science (what has been called R&D -Research and Development- or even R, D&I - Research, Development and Innovation -) is a 4th factor of production that characterizes more and more the production in the industrialised countries.

To the concept of physical capital or financial capital is added the concept of human capital or intellectual capital, even social capital, as a way of explaining the . . . of the productivity that isn't due to the other factors

Training can be considered a form of investment, because it . . . the abilities of the workers and the production

The division of labour, generally speaking, deals about specialization and cooperation of the . . . forces in tasks and roles, with the objective of improving efficiency.

The . . . division is the division that separates different professions.

The less time used to obtain the wanted result, the . . . productive the system is

The . . .productivity is the incresase or decrease of output, it's caused by the variation of any factors that take part in the production: labour, capital, technique, etc.

The colonies need the foreign . . . for their development

The Grundy's Four P's are: . . ., price, distribution or place and advertising or promotion.

The firms from the . . . sector create the utility of the goods when they obtain the resources from nature

The industrial and . . . firms are in the secondary sector

The firm classification according to the . . . is: Microenterprise, Small enterprise, Medium-sized enterprise and Great enterprise

The firm classification according to who is the owner is: private sector company, . . . company, mixed company and self-management company

The firm classification according to the market share is: applicant firm, . . . firm, leader firm and follower firm

. . . costs are also called structure costs

In Microeconomic Theory . . . costs are not linear, at the beginning they are more increasing but after that they are less increasing

Profit is output value minus . . . value

In the last decades, in Andalusia, traditional farming has decreased and farming of wheat, . . ., beetroot, cotton and sunflower has increased

The fish farm of Riofrio, in Granada, exports 40% of its caviar production, and it competes in international markets with Russian and . . . caviar

At the beginning of . . . the international financial crisis worsened, the banks saw a fall in their profits, and the market exchange experienced sharp falls

What would be the added value in the first stage of the production if the wood is sold at 3 €, the wholesale chair at 9 € and the retail chair at 16 €?

What would be the added value in the second stage of the production if the wood is sold at 3 €, the wholesale chair at 9 € and the retail chair at 16 €?

What would be the added value in the third stage of the production if the wood is sold at 3 €, the wholesale chair at 9 € and the retail chair at 16 €?

What would be the marginal product for three workers, if the total products, according to the number of workers are: 1-5,000, 2-7,800, 3-10,300? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the marginal product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-6,300, 2-5,800, 3-5,000? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the total product for three workers, if the average products, according to the number of workers are: 1-7,300, 2-6,800, 3-5,000? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the total product for three workers, if the marginal products, according to the number of workers are: 1-8,300, 2-7,800, 3-6,000? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the average product for three workers, if the marginal products, according to the number of workers are: 1-12,300, 2-11,800, 3-10,000? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

What would be the average product for three workers, if the total products, according to the number of workers are: 1-11,300, 2-20,800, 3-28,000? Two decimal numbers, by rounding (when it be necessary)

La . . . es la medida de la forma en que la cantidad ofrecida reacciona a un cambio en el precio

cuando la oferta es altamente elástica, el coeficiente de la elasticidad es . . .

Uno de los determinantes de la elasticidad-precio de la oferta es la capacidad de . . . de los comerciantes

Donde la curva de oferta del trabajo se está inclinando hacia arriba y hacia la derecha (elasticidad . . . de la oferta de trabajo frente al salario), el efecto de sustitución es mayor que el efecto ingreso

A . . . precio del producto, mayor oferta

A mayor competición, . . . oferta

Si un producto está de moda su demanda . . .

La curva de demanda usualmente se inclina hacia . . . de izquierda a derecha

Un bien Giffen, por ejemplo el arroz, es uno que la gente consume más si el precio . . .

Cualquier exceso de oferta (exceso de mercado o superabundancia) llevaría a cortes de precios, que decrecen la cantidad ofrecida (reduciendo el incentivo de producir y vender el producto) un . . . en la cantidad demandada (ofreciendo a los consumidores gangas), automáticamente aboliéndose la superabundancia

En la economía neoclásica y en la microeconomía, la . . . describe la perfecta forma de ser de un mercado en el que hay muchas empresas pequeñas, todas produciendo bienes homogéneos

En el corto plazo, los mercados de competencia perfecta tienen una eficiente distribución, ya que la producción bajo competencia perfecta tendrá lugar siempre cuando los costes marginales son iguales al ingreso marginal, y por consiguiente cuando el coste marginal es igual al . . .

En competencia perfecta, a largo plazo, la llegada de nuevas empresas o la expansión de las existentes en el mercado causa que la curva de demanda de cada empresa se desplace hacia . . ., trayendo hacia abajo al mismo tiempo al precio, a la curva de ingreso medio y a la curva de ingreso marginal

En la competencia perfecta hay . . . barreras de entrada/salida

Un monopolio concedido por el gobierno o monopolio . . .es aprobado por el Estado, a menudo para dar un incentivo a invertir en aventuras arriesgadas

Una . . . es una combinación de dos empresas en otra más grande

Una adquisición puede ser amistosa u . . .

Un monopolio artificial es un monopolio creado por el gobierno por medio de barreras artificiales para entrar como . . . y derechos de autor

Los mercados y las industrias oligopolistas estén en un alto riesgo de . . .

Si el ingreso marginal es mayor que el . . . de una empresa, entonces la empresa empleará al trabajador