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The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the . . . between the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications
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The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation between the purpose and the limited means that have . . . applications
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The scarcity implies that there are not enough . . . to produce enough to cover all the needs
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The scarcity implies that there are not enough resources to produce enough to cover all the . . .
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The scarcity also implies that all the society's objectives can not be . . . at the same time, so it must follow a priority politics
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. . . means everything that has capacity to satisfy human's needs
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Useful means everything that has capacity to satisfy human's . . .
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Human societies have developed the politics to . . . the priorities and the way to satisfy them
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The economics agents are the persons or . . . who make an economic activity.
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The economic agents are: households, firms and . . .
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The firms make the decisions about the . . . and the distribution
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The public sector takes part in the economy by making . . . that regulate the way that the other economic agents act when they go to the market
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The . . . takes part in the economy by redistributing the incomes
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The public sector takes part in the economy by offering, at a . . . price or for free, goods and services that the society things that it must be able to receive all the population
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The . . . is what an agent loses when he makes a decision
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When the individuals group together in societies, they face differents types of dilemmas. The clasical is the dilemma between “the cannons and the . . .”
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The more we spend in national security to protect our coasts from the foreign aggressors (cannons), the less we'll spend in . . . to improve the standard of living in our country (butter)
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In the modern society, the dilemma between a clean environment and a . . . income level is also important
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The legislation that forces the firms to reduce the . . . raises the cost to produce goods and services
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. . . costs can create lower company profits, lower salaries, higher prices or all the three things at the same time
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Higher costs can create lower company profits, lower . . ., higher prices or all the three things at the same time
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is the group of productive factors or . . .' combinations that reach the highest production
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) reflects the . . . good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones . . . and ones given technological knowledge
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To be under the . . . signifies that either not all the resources are used (idle resources) or the technology isn't adequate (technology can improve).
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The . . . productive structure is located in the frontier or very near to it
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In the efficient productive structure there are no idle resources and the . . . technology is utilized
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The unattainable productive structure is . . . because no country can produce more than is possible
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is . . . because in order to produce more of one good it is necessary to produce less of another
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is concave because the . . . is increasing
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is displaceable, this is, the unattainable points can be . . .
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The displacement of the Production Possiblity Frontier (PPF) can be due to technological improvements, an increase in capital, an increase of workers or the . . . of new natural resources
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The barter or exchange is to buy or to sell by using a . . . instead of money as a exchange money
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The barter or exchange is to buy or to sell without use . . .
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The first sedentary communities of human beings knew agriculture and shepherding, they lived . . . than their nomadic ancestors and they enjoyed better security
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Bartering began with the need to . . . what is owned for what is needed
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Bartering began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed. Although, on occasion, many intermediary exchanges were necessary to satisfy needs. That, combined with the growth of settlements and expansion of commercial . . . facilitated the appearance of the concept of “coins”
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In spite of everything, bartering didn't . . . with the arrival of the coins.
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When the exchange is frequent, the . . . systems quickly find the need to have some goods with monetary properties
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Civilitations have adopted several goods as money (gold, silver, other metals or minerals, wheat, bars of . . . in China, etc.)
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Today, money only has a value as a . . . instrument (the paper from which a note is composed does not have value)
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The states started to issue notes and coins that gave right to the . . . to exchange them for gold or silver from the country's reserves
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By the XVIII and XIX centuries many countries had a . . . standard, based in gold and silver
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Between 1870 and the 1st World War the . . . Standard was mainly adopted
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With the Gold Standard any citizen could convert the paper money into an equivalent amount of . . .
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By the end of the 2nd World War the allies established a new financial system in the . . .
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In the Bretton Woods' Agreements was established that all the currencies would be converted in U.S. dollars and only the U.S. dollar would be convertible in gold bars at . . . dollars per ounce for the foreign governments
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By 1971 the . . . central banks tried to convert their dollar reserves to gold, creating an unsustainable situation for the USA
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In December of 1971, the president of the United States, . . ., suspended on his own the dollar conversion to gold and devalued the dollar by 10%
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By 1973, the dollar devalued another . . .%, until, finally, the dollar conversion to gold was finished
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The monetary authorities and the Central Banks take part in the exchange market to calm the . . . speculative fluctuations
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Capitalism emerged by the . . . century
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In . . . the profit is fixed in economic action so that capital accumulates.
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In capitalism the ownership of the means of production is . . .
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The State doesn't take part in . . .
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The founding fathers of capitalism are John Locke, . . ., Adam Smith and Benjamin Franklin
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The most prominent contemporary representatives scholars for the Austrian school of economics are . . . and Friedrich Hayek
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. . . holds that the State can increase the effective demand by avoiding the cyclical crisis
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In the . . . the market doesn't assign the resources, because it's handled by the State
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In the centralice planning economy the market didn't send signals because this didn't exist (. . . market)
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The . . . appeared in Russia's Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
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The centralice planning economy appeared due to the state of emergency and the war economy for the war against the . . . Army and the Triple Entente during the Russian Civil War
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The Russian Civil War happened in the first months after the October Revolution and the appearance of the first . . . Republics
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The . . . economy was extended after the 2nd World War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the Soviet Union and the Komintern
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The centralice planning economy was extended after the 2nd World War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the Soviet Union and the . . .
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In the case of the USSR, it had to assign a huge amount of its budget to maintain the army and the war technology in its Cold War with the . . .
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Nowdays Russia and the East countries go toward a . . . Economy
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Cuba is trying to defend the centralized economic system by making some reforms or concessions in strategic sectors, like tourism, to the . . . economy, prevailing abroad