The economics is a science that studies the human . . . as the relation between the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications

The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation between the purpose and the limited . . . that have alternatives applications

The scarcity implies that there are not . . . resources to produce enough to cover all the needs

The scarcity implies that there are not enough resources to produce enough to cover . . . the needs

The scarcity also implies that all the society's objectives . . . be met at the same time, so it must follow a priority politics

The scarcity concept is applicated to everything . . .

Useful means everything that has capacity to satisfy . . . needs

Human societies have developed the . . . to decide the priorities and the way to satisfy them

The economics agents are the . . . or groups who make an economic activity.

The economic agents are: households, . . . and public sector

The . . . make the decisions about the production and the distribution

The . . . takes part in the economy by making laws that regulate the way that the other economic agents act when they go to the market

The public sector takes part in the economy by making laws that regulate the way that the other economic agents act when they go to the . . .

The public sector takes part in the economy by . . ., at a lower price or for free, goods and services that the society things that it must be able to receive all the population

The public sector takes part in the economy by offering, at a lower price or for free, goods and services that the society things that it must be able to receive all the . . .

When the individuals group together in societies, they face differents types of dilemmas. The clasical is the dilemma between “the . . . and the butter”

The more we spend in national security to protect our coasts from the foreign aggressors (cannons), the . . . we'll spend in personal goods to improve the standard of living in our country (butter)

In the modern society, the dilemma between a . . . environment and a high income level is also important

The legislation that forces the firms to . . . the pollution raises the cost to produce goods and services

The legislation that forces the firms to reduce the pollution raises the cost to produce . . .

Higher costs can create lower company profits, . . . salaries, higher prices or all the three things at the same time

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is the group of . . . or technologies' combinations that reach the highest production

The . . . reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed . . . and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge

The situations that can be given in a country's productive structure are: inefficient productive structure, efficient productive structure and . . . productive structure

A country with a rate of unemployment above 5%, will always itself find in . . . productive structure, because there is unused available labor

In the efficient productive structure there are no . . . resources and the best technology is utilized

The . . . productive structure is theoretical because no country can produce more than is possible

The . . . is decreasing because in order to produce more of one good it is necessary to produce less of another

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is . . . because the opportunity cost is increasing

The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is displaceable, this is, the . . . points can be reached.

The displacement of the Production Possiblity Frontier (PPF) can be due to technological improvements, an increase in capital, an . . . of workers or the discovery of new natural resources

The barter or exchange is to buy or to . . . by using a product or service instead of money as a exchange money

The barter or exchange is to buy or to . . . without use cash money

The first sedentary communities of human beings knew agriculture and . . ., they lived longer than their nomadic ancestors and they enjoyed better security

. . . began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed

Bartering began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed. Although, on occasion, many intermediary exchanges were necessary to satisfy needs. That, combined with the . . . of settlements and expansion of commercial networks facilitated the appearance of the concept of “coins”

In spite of everything, . . . didn't disappear with the arrival of the coins.

The native people of . . . also exchanged their products in markets.

Civilitations have adopted several goods as money (gold, silver, other metals or minerals, . . ., bars of tea in China, etc.)

The money in the first phase had an . . . value

The states started to issue notes and . . . that gave right to the bearer to exchange them for gold or silver from the country's reserves

By the . . . centuries many countries had a bimetallic standard, based in gold and silver

Between 1870 and the . . . the Gold Standard was mainly adopted

With the Gold Standard any citizen could convert the . . . money into an equivalent amount of gold

By the end of the . . . the allies established a new financial system in the Bretton Woods' Agreements

In the Bretton Woods' Agreements was established that all the currencies would be converted in U.S. dollars and only the U.S. dollar would be convertible in . . . at 35 dollars per ounce for the foreign governments

By 1971 the USA's expansive fiscal politics cause the abundance of dollars, which created doubts about its convertibility to . . .

In December of . . ., the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, suspended on his own the dollar conversion to gold and devalued the dollar by 10%

By . . ., the dollar is devalued another 10%, until, finally, the dollar conversion to gold was finished

The monetary authorities and the Central Banks take part in the exchange market to . . . the short-term speculative fluctuations

Capitalism emerged in . . .

In capitalism capital dominates over work as a element of production and creator of . . .

In capitalism the . . . of the means of production is private

Free enterprise exists in . . .

The founding fathers of capitalism are . . ., Juan de Mariana, Adam Smith and Benjamin Franklin

The most prominent contemporary representatives scholars for the . . . school of economics are Ludwing von Mises and Friedrich Hayek

The most prominent contemporary representatives scholars for the Chicago school of economics are George Stigler and . . .

In the . . . the production factors are in the hands of the State, who is the only important economic agent

In the centralice planning economy the market didn't send . . . because this didn't exist (false market)

The centralice planning economy is inspired by . . . theory

The . . . appeared due to the state of emergency and the war economy for the war against the White Army and the Triple Entente during the Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War happened in the first months after the . . . Revolution and the appearance of the first Soviet Republics

The centralice planning economy got worse with Stalin and his followers, when the Soviet Union was born, with the so-called . . . politics

The centralice planning economy was extended after the 2nd World War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the . . . and the Komintern

In the case of the USSR, it had to assign a huge amount of its budget to maintain the army and the war technology in its . . . War with the USA.

Nowdays Russia and the . . . countries go toward a Market Economy

Cuba is trying to defend the . . . economic system by making some reforms or concessions in strategic sectors, like tourism, to the market economy, prevailing abroad