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The . . . is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation between the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications
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The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation . . . the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives applications
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The economics is a science that studies the human behaviour as the relation between the purpose and the limited means that have alternatives . . .
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The scarcity implies that there are not enough resources to . . . enough to cover all the needs
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The . . . also implies that all the society's objectives can not be met at the same time, so it must follow a priority politics
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The scarcity also implies that all the society's objectives can not be met at the . . ., so it must follow a priority politics
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Useful means . . . that has capacity to satisfy human's needs
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. . . societies have developed the politics to decide the priorities and the way to satisfy them
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Human societies have developed the politics to decide the priorities and the . . . to satisfy them
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The economics agents are the persons or groups who make an . . .
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The . . . make the decisions about what to consume and they have the most of the productions factors
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The firms make the decisions about the production and the . . .
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The public sector takes part in the economy by making laws that . . . the way that the other economic agents act when they go to the market
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The public sector takes part in the economy by . . . the incomes
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The public sector takes part in the economy by offering, at a lower price or . . ., goods and services that the society things that it must be able to receive all the population
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The opportunity cost is what an . . . loses when he makes a decision
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The . . . we spend in national security to protect our coasts from the foreign aggressors (cannons), the less we'll spend in personal goods to improve the standard of living in our country (butter)
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The more we spend in national security to protect our coasts from the foreign aggressors (cannons), the less we'll spend in personal goods to . . . the standard of living in our country (butter)
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In the modern society, the dilemma between a clean environment and a high . . . is also important
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The legislation that forces the firms to reduce the pollution . . . the cost to produce goods and services
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Higher . . . can create lower company profits, lower salaries, higher prices or all the three things at the same time
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Higher costs can create lower company profits, lower salaries, . . . prices or all the three things at the same time
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is the group of productive factors or technologies' . . . that reach the highest production
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) reflects the highest . . .' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given technological knowledge
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) reflects the highest good and services' amounts that a society can produce in a fixed time period and with ones production's factors and ones given . . .
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To be under the PPF signifies that either not all the resources are used (. . . resources) or the technology isn't adequate (technology can improve).
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The efficient productive structure is located in the . . . or very near to it
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The . . . productive structure is located over the Possibilities Production
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The . . . is concave and decreasing
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is decreasing because in order to produce . . . of one good it is necessary to produce less of another
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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is concave because the opportunity cost is . . .
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The displacement of the . . . can be due to technological improvements, an increase in capital, an increase of workers or the discovery of new natural resources
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The displacement of the Production Possiblity Frontier (PPF) can be due to technological improvements, an increase in capital, an increase of workers or the discovery of new natural . . .
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The barter or exchange is to buy or to sell by using a product or service instead of . . . as a exchange money
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The beginnings of the . . . go back to the first sedentary communities of human beings.
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The first jobs in the first sedentary communities of human beings, like . . . or metal working, started to develop
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Bartering began: with the need to exchange what is . . . for what is needed
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Bartering began with the need to exchange what is owned for what is needed. Although, on occasion, many intermediary exchanges were necessary to satisfy needs. That, combined with the growth of settlements and expansion of commercial networks facilitated the appearance of the concept of “. . .”
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In spite of everything, bartering didn't disappear with the arrival of the . . .
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When the exchange is frequent, the barter systems quickly find the need to have some goods with . . . properties
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Civilitations have adopted several goods as money (gold, silver, other metals or minerals, wheat, bars of tea in . . ., etc.)
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The . . . started to issue notes and coins that gave right to the bearer to exchange them for gold or silver from the country's reserves
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The states started to issue notes and coins that gave right to the bearer to . . . them for gold or silver from the country's reserves
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By the XVIII and XIX centuries many countries had a bimetallic . . ., based in gold and silver
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Between 1870 and the 1st World War the Gold . . . was mainly adopted
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Between . . . countries tried to return to the Gold Standard, but the economic situation and the crisis of 1929 ended the ability for an individual to convert notes to gold
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In the . . . was established that all the currencies would be converted in U.S. dollars and only the U.S. dollar would be convertible in gold bars at 35 dollars per ounce for the foreign governments
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By . . . the USA's expansive fiscal politics was motivated mainly by the military expenditure in Vietnam
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By 1971 the European central banks tried to . . . their dollar reserves to gold, creating an unsustainable situation for the USA
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In December of 1971, the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, . . . on his own the dollar conversion to gold and devalued the dollar by 10%
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By 1973, the dollar devalued another 10%, until, finally, the dollar . . . to gold was finished
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The monetary authorities and the Central Banks take part in the exchange market with the objective of maintaining at . . . the prices' stability
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In . . . capital dominates over work as a element of production and creator of wealth
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In capitalism the . . . is fixed in economic action so that capital accumulates.
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In . . . the distribution, production and prices of goods and services are usually determinated by some type of free market
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The political doctrine that historically has led the defense and implementation of . . . has been economic and classic liberalism
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The founding fathers of capitalism are John Locke, Juan de Mariana, . . . and Benjamin Franklin
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The most prominent contemporary representatives scholars for the Austrian school of economics are Ludwing von Mises and . . .
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John Maynar Keynes holds that the State can . . . the effective demand by avoiding the cyclical crisis
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The manipulations of the . . . are made with multi-annual economic plans (five-year plans), which explains in great detail the supply, production methods, wages, infraestructura investment, . . .
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In the . . ., because the wages and the prices were fixed by the State, the firms needn't be competitive and the workers were unmotivated, because they earned the same if they did their work well or badly.
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The centralice planning economy appeared in . . .'s Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
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The centralice planning economy appeared due to the state of emergency and the war economy for the war against the White Army and the . . . during the Russian Civil War
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The . . . economy got worse with Stalin and his followers, when the Soviet Union was born, with the so-called one-country politics
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The centralice planning economy was extended after the . . . War for all The East Europe and many asian countries, under the Soviet Union and the Komintern
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Although at the beginning the . . . economy was more productive than the capitalism, soon the firms stopped being productives and the State became continuously in debt to maintain the full employment
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Finally, at the end of the . . . century, the USSR fell down with its economic system
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Nowdays Russia and the East countries go toward a Market Economy. . . . is looking for a balance
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Actually, only . . . follows a centralized economic model, almost without reforms of capitalist type or another type